Sub-irrigation system is a type of irrigation technique that provides water to a plant roots from beneath the soil surface. Sometimes it is also called as seepage irrigation. The water rises through capillary action. This irrigation system is more beneficial to grow various field crops like Tomatoes, peppers, and sugar cane etc.
When sub-irrigation is used in a field, a field's
water table must be manually raised in order for a farmer to feed crops
from below the soil line. Sub-irrigation system is required to be
maintained through pumping stations, canals, gates, and weirs that lower
or raise the water level accordingly.
Sub-irrigation is feasible in areas where the topsoil is of high quality
and porous and there is an underlay of clay soil that absorbs water
slowly, provided that the water table is high. Ditches can be dug along
the fields to monitor the water level and to also replenish the water
supply when it is low.
In some cases drip irrigation buried about 5 inches under the soil can be provided as an alternative for sub-irrigation system. Sub-irrigation eliminates evaporations and hence save precious water. It is also not affected wind which might result in water losses due to drift or runoff.
It has been reported that sub-surface irrigation has resulted in saving upto about 75% water in many cases as compared to other standard methods of irrigation.
Other irrigation methods are given below
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