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Concrete is a construction
material which is composed of
Cement (generally Portland cement),
coarse aggregate (gravel, limestone, or granite), fine aggregate
(such as sand) and water. Concrete is required to be workable,
finishable, durable, strong, watertight and wear resistant to be
used a structural material. Generally these are obtained by proper
selection of materials
Sometimes
admixtures are also added
to concrete to give it special properties required to meet
certain conditions.
Recycled materials are also being used
as concrete ingredients and getting popularity as it helps in
pollution control and clean
environment.
Fly ash which is a
bye-product of coal-fired power plants has a cementitious property
which when added to concrete, reduces the cement content required to
produce a concrete of desired strength. |
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Concrete becomes solid mass after cement
mix with water which is a chemical reaction known as hydration of
cement. The
process of solidifying concrete is known as setting of concrete
which depends on the type of cement used in the concrete mix.
Concrete is a brittle material which is
strengthened by using steel reinforcement bars (rebar), plates or
fibers; such a concrete is termed as
reinforced concrete.
Proper selection of materials in
appropriate proportions is very important to get the desired
properties of concrete. This is covered in concrete mix design.
There are different methods for mix design. Absolute volume method
developed by American Concrete Institute (ACI) is one of the most
commonly adopted methods.
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